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To what extent was the TRC an instrument of reconciliation between victims and perpetrators

To what extent was the TRC an instrument of reconciliation between victims and perpetrators How effective a tool for promoting amity between victims and offenders was the TRC? It is essential to ascertain the purpose of the truth and reconciliation commission in South Africa in order to attempt to respond to that question. Was the Truth and Reconciliation Commission effective as well?

About the TRC

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s aim was:

To compile as complete a picture as possible of gross human rights violations that had taken place on all sides between 1960 and 1993.
To hear testimony from victims and perpetrators.
To grant perpetrators amnesty from prosecution or civil action, where there was full disclosure and a clear political motivation.
To suggest how victims could be compensated through reparations.

The Successes of the TRC

Although the apartheid system left a permanent damage to the South African country as a whole, there are many successes and advantages (which aided in the re-building of the nation) that the TRC managed to bring to the new South Africa. Through the TRC, the following were obtained:

Apartheid was judged to be a crime against humanity.
The National Party government of PW Botha was found to have been responsible for murder, torture, arson, abduction and sabotage.
The liberation movements were also found to have been guilty of gross human rights violations.
The report also criticised De Klerk’s government for activities of ‘third force’ in an attempt to disrupt the pre-1994 negotiations.
The ANC was criticised for the civilian casualties in MK operations: the torture and executions in camps in exile and the use of violence against opponents.
Finally the report found that South African society as a whole was damaged by apartheid and was in need of healing.

The Disadvantages of the TRC

Although the TRC had many positives in terms of moving forward as a nation, there were also many weaknesses that could have been avoided. One major negative element of the TRC is that:

it did not focus sufficiently on the policies or political economy of apartheid.
The failure to examine the effect and impact of apartheid’s policies resulted in the need for the perpetrators, or the “trigger-pullers,” to bear the collective shame of the nation and let those who benefitted from apartheid to escape responsibility.